The Ambition of Lady Macbeth in Macbeth by William...

The Ambition of Lady Macbeth in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Timothy Leary once said, Women who seek to be equal with men lack ambition (Peters 175). But is this true in the case of the classic play Macbeth? In Macbeth it seems to be, that Macbeth the protagonist of the play is influence by Lady Macbeths ambition. Could this be an exception or was Lady Macbeth lying when she ask to be equal to a man so she could commit the murder (1.5.33.45-61). To understand one must look deeply into the plot and many themes of Macbeth. William Shakespeare uses ambition among other things to imply may different ideas. Thus, Macbeths downfall is a direct cause of Lady Macbeths goading and ambition. In the beginning of Macbeth, Macbeth is a†¦show more content†¦Then, he has already implemented a plan to kill the king. But, his troubles to think for himself is still very evident after the murder, Look ont again I dare not (3.4.107.144-145). His emotion are both up and down causing Lady Macbeth to at times to think and control him. Causing and leading t o Macbeths downfall. Macbeth relationship to Lady Macbeth is not only husband and wife. At times Macbeth becomes depend on Lady Macbeth. Causing Lady Macbeth to make decision for Macbeth. There is no better example of this than act one scenes five and seven. She Decides to help him gain the crown.... Lady Macbeth decides that Duncan will be killed while staying there (Rahim 2). Later in scene seven Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth that indeed he wants to kill Duncan. The play Macbeth is about Macbeth and his changes. That is why we call Macbeth a dramatic character. Often dramatic characters are also tragic heroes or tragic characters. Which Macbeth is, these changes are a cause of Lady Macbeth and how she effects the play in many way. Including Lady Macbeths ambition effects Macbeth in turn Macbeth kills Duncan, Banquo, and Macduffs family. The Murders in turn cause Malcolm and Macduff to revolt against Macbeth. The murders also cause both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to become insane. Beca use Lady Macbeth is not sane so, she kills herself. Because of Malcolms and Macduffs revolt plus Macbeth sanity causes Macbeth dies a tragic death. In the opening of act five sceneShow MoreRelatedPower Of Unchecked Ambition : Lady Macbeth By William Shakespeare1108 Words   |  5 PagesRationale William Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, centers on the theme of corrupting of power of unchecked ambition. Lady Macbeth plays an important role in the development of the play, as she is the character who initiated one of the main conflicts: the murder of King Duncan. The character Lady Macbeth evolves from being the most sinister character in the play to the guilty and weak woman who, in the end, commits suicide. I chose to focus on the development of Lady Macbeths character because she notRead MoreRelationship Between Macbeth And Lady Macbeth745 Words   |  3 PagesChristina James Ms. Berryman Academic English III, Period 1 21 December, 2015 Relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in The Tragedy of Macbeth In relationships, the power given to both partners must be balanced in order to have any success. Once one person feels they are above the other one, chaos and anger might result. Back in the Elizabethan era, men and women had two completely different roles in society, the roles of women were very limited. Men were superior and were considered as leadersRead MoreBlind Ambition in Macbeth1295 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, the reasoning of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is completely subverted and undermined by their insatiable ambition. Macbeth was at first reasonable enough to keep his ambition in check, however it eventually became to strong for even Macbeth and therefor over powered him. To the contrary, Lady Macbeth was overcome by her ambition from the very beginning. Reasoning was abandoned after the decision to kill Duncan was made. At that point we see no seriousRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare: The Three Weird Sisters1189 Words à ‚  |  5 Pagesform (Vorspiel). In Christian interpretation, however, because of the theist’s aversion to knowledge as a progenitor of sinful ambition, the Norns are affiliates of Satan. Indeed, both Genesis 3 and Macbeth are allegorical representations of man’s downfall as a result of the loss of innocence. In Macbeth, Shakespeare demonstrates that knowledge inspires reckless ambition, which, in humanity’s fallibility, is bound to suppress morality in favour of selfish desire. Firstly, the characters of the threeRead MoreAnalysis of William Shakespeares Macbeth and Its Historical Background1283 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of William Shakespeares Macbeth and Its Historical Background I have recently been studying Macbeth, a well-known play by William Shakespeare. In this essay I am going to analyse the play and its historical background. I will also look at the factors that influenced Shakespeare when he was writing the play such as James I, the new king of England and Scotland, how he detested witches, and how Shakespeare manipulated that knowledge. Furthermore, I will be examiningRead MoreRole of Ambition in Macbeth Essay1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare is based upon old Scotland and this is used as the general time frame. During this time, Monarchy still existed and Scotland is in war with Whales. There are many emotions that arise throughout the play, but the most important of all is ambition. â€Å"Ambition is the desire for personal achievement. Ambitious persons seek to be the best at what they choose to do for attainment, power, or superiority† (â€Å"Ambition†). The motif of ambition in the play is thatRead More Destructive Ambition in Shakespeares Macbeth Essays1671 Words   |  7 PagesDestructive Ambition in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeares tragic play Macbeth presents the fizzled drive of an ambitious husband and wife. This essay is the story of their destructive ambition.    Fanny Kemble in Lady Macbeth refers to the ambition of Lady Macbeth:      [. . .] to have seen Banquos ghost at the banqueting table ... and persisted in her fierce mocking of her husbands terror would have been impossible to human nature. The hypothesis makes Lady Macbeth a monsterRead More The Cause of Macbeths Destruction in William Shakespeares Macbeth1062 Words   |  5 PagesDestruction in William Shakespeares Macbeth      Ã‚   In William Shakespeares Macbeth, Macbeth was a well-respected man of noble birth, but his fortune was reversed after he turned to darkness. He plummeted endlessly into a chasm of evil until his corrupt life was ended on the edge of Macduffs blade. Whose actions opened up the path of darkness to Macbeth? Whose actions led to Macbeths demise? The answer is threefold. The weird sisters set Macbeths fate into motion. Lady Macbeth goaded herRead More Shakespeares Macbeth - Subversion of Reason by Ambition Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth:   Subversion of Reason by Ambition    Throughout the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, the reasoning of the central characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, is completely subverted by their insatiable ambition.   At first, Macbeth is reasonable enough to keep his ambition under control.   However, his ambition gradually becomes stronger and eventually overpowers Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is controlled by ambition from the very beginning.   After the decision is made to kill Duncan, all rationalRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth 1331 Words   |  6 PagesTalin Davdian Vsevolo Krawczenuik Theatre Art 101 17 July 2015 Critical Paper The play of Macbeth is written between 1599 and 1606 by William Shakespeare, who is a playwright, actor, English poet and greatest English literature. The full title of Macbeth is The Tragedy of Macbeth, which it considered one of his darkest and most powerful works. The play, set in Scotland. In this play, William Shakespeare uses various themes that represent to the social and political life. This story is about the

The Career of Sports Management Essay - 743 Words

How would you like to sit ringside at a boxing match, courtside at a basketball game, or even better, at the 50-yard line, on the bench, with the players on the football team? Your thinking, â€Å"How could a person have those amazing seats without actually participating in the sport?† Well, there are certain professions that give you those incredible opportunities if you are not able to be a player or a coach. Sports management allows you to take part in worldwide sporting events on the business end. Sports management dates back to the beginning of sports but it was not really organized. In the 1960’s, a man by the name of Dr. James G. Mason started academic programs that allow people to partake in sports management. After 1966, when Dr.†¦show more content†¦Sports management professionals are required to be college educated. There are some colleges or universities who offer specific majors for sports management whereas others, that don’t offer sports m anagement as a major, advise students to major in either marketing, accounting, business management, or business law. There are a lot of sports agents or supervisors that, along with there degree in sports management or an alternate, also have a degree or are trained as attorneys. When students come out of college, they start at the bottom of the career ladder. Once they enter their career field, they have to work their way up by first starting at low-level jobs. It is recommended that students or graduates engage in internships at low-level management jobs like team offices or school athletic departments. A good way to learn the basics of sports management and show dedication to athletics and athletes is to volunteer as a coach for local teams or volunteer as an official. It may be hard to find jobs like these to volunteer in but there could be advertisements in local newspapers or on career sites (Sports Management). In addition, there are certain regions that are closer to sports and sporting events. Those regions would be a better place to attend college because finding an internship would be a lot easier (Sports Business Degrees). The working conditions for professional sports management professionals depends on whereShow MoreRelatedCareer Within The Sports Management Field1276 Words   |  6 PagesAfter throughly researching careers within the Sports Management field, I believe I would be interested in working as a Director of Player Personnel. The Director of Player Personnel is a management position within a sports organization whose main job is to support the athletes on the team (Berner). This specific position is extremely significant for all athletic teams in amateur, college, and professional leagues. Getting a job within the sports field is highly competitive, but their are more opportunitiesRead MoreEssay about A Career in Sports Management2635 Words   |  11 Pages Choosing a career is one of the most important decisions a per son will make in their life. Most people try to pick the career with the best financial gain and something they would like to do for the rest of their life. Foremost it is wise to see what the job entails. Sport Management is perfect for those who enjoy helping and working with people, especially when dealing with sports. The next part of the decision-making process is looking through the various schooling and trainingRead MoreSports Management : Sport Management816 Words   |  4 Pages Sport management Did you know that there is more to sports teams than just scoring goals, touchdowns and runs? Sport management is a field concerning the business and education part of sports and recreation. It includes the front office system in professional sports, college sports, and recreation. Some examples of sport managers are: recreational sport managers, sport marketing, event management, facility management, sport economics, sport finance and sport information. Sport management canRead MoreSports Management1026 Words   |  5 PagesSPORTS AND games have been a part of human civilization from times immemorial. Sports and games provide a wonderful opportunity for  holistic development  of our body and mind. It inculcates a spirit of healthy competition and a true sense of patriotism within us. With the passage of time a lot of changes have taken place in the sporting world. In the beginning of the 21st century it is clearly evident that a huge amount of money, glamour, name, fame, me dia exposure and fan following has become anRead MoreMy Career As A Athlete1149 Words   |  5 Pages Before racing shells, coxswains, and 5:00 am rowing practices, it was always  sports  that represented a measure of success for me.  From a young age I dreamed of joining the ranks of Division 1 collegiate athletes all over the country and knew my success would be the direct result of my commitment to training.  Fast forward twenty years and the  athletic career  I have experienced has been nothing short of successful. Rowing demanded more from me than I had ever demanded of myself and taught me the powerRead MoreSports Management : A Wide Array Of Job Opportunities And Possibilities1014 Words   |  5 PagesA Sports Management Degree offers a wide array of job opportunities and possibilities. Sports management careers are popular due to the passion many people have for athletics and it allows non-athletes to work within the sport field. One aspect to note is that ther e are 3 main segments within this field. These include; sports performance, production, and promotion. Each offer unique opportunities in the athletics field. A performance career would be a Recreation Worker, a production career wouldRead MoreCareer Choices For A Career1539 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowing job market, there are plenty of career choices one can take on to create a financially stable lifestyle and live a successful life. When looking at job careers, it is often a hard choice to choose which pathway might be the best to lead one towards success. In addition to choosing a pathway it is pertinent to learn the background as well as stepping stones to leave a person with more of an understanding of that profession, especially if the focus of career is dealing with Human Resources. Read MoreSports Management : Sport Management Essay837 Words   |  4 PagesThe careers within sport management have varied and grown exponentially throughout the history of sports. From team management to sport agency, sport management helps handle business within sports while the athletes can perform with no distraction. Within the careers of sport management, the top positions of sports are consisted of presidents, coordinators, and officials. Of the top positions lies my most interested career of the athletic director, the administrator of all operations of coaches,Read MoreThe Career Development Of Byu1599 Words   |  7 Pagesfound out about recreations management and the jobs it leads to, everything seem to line up. While I had finally decided on the major I wanted, the professional career exploration allowed me to further dive into the careers and plan my future. In this report I have listed out three potential jobs, with their own specific details, the interview I did with a previous graduate of the program who worked with venue planning, why I believe a career in recreation management is valuable, and finally a five-yearRead MoreEssay about Sports Management814 Words   |  4 PagesSports Management Someone once said, There are those who make things happen, those who watch things happen, and those who wonder what happened. I consider myself one of those rare people who really knows how to make things happen. I have gone from being a follower to being a leader, from being someone who was shy and uncertain to a person who is self-confident and assertive. It has been a remarkable metamorphosis, and it has changed my future professional plans and personal goals. The

John Steinbecks East of Eden Religious Referenc Essay Example For Students

John Steinbecks East of Eden Religious Referenc Essay es East Eden EssaysReligious References in East of Eden Religion constantly appears throughout Steinbecks East of Eden. Among these religious appearances are the similarities between the Cain and Abel story and the characters, the Hebrew word timshel, and the presence of God/Fate in the novel. First, East of Eden is a reenactment of the Cain and Abel tale. Many similarities are seen between the two. The title East of Eden comes from the biblical tale when Cain went out from the presence of the Lord and dwelt in the land of Nod on the east of Eden (Steinbeck 352). The relationship between Abel and Cain, who killed Abel, is similar to those of Adam and Charles, who once tried to kill Adam, and Aron and Caleb, who informed Aron of their mothers profession, an act which led to Arons death in World War I. Charles and Caleb fight for their fathers affections in the same way in which Cain fought with Abel over the Lords attention. Also in the novel, the Cain characters are identified by names beginning with C (Cyrus, Charles, Cathy, Caleb) and the Abel characters with A (Alice, Adam, Aron, Abra) (Lisca 269). Next is the word timshel thou mayest a Hebrew word spoken to Cain by the Lord: if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. And unto thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him (Steinbeck 351). Lee discovers that the verb in this passage has been translated as both thou shalt rule over evil and do thou rule over evil.With the help of his Chinese elders and a Jewish Rabbi, Lee determines that the original meaning is thou mayest the word timshel gives a choice (398) or free will to mankind to commit good or evil acts. This word appears often in the novel and is important at the very end where Adams final timshel blesses and forgives Caleb and reminds him that even after his murder of his brother he can still choose his course and fight it through and win, meaning Caleb still has the chance to overcome the tendency for evil which he believes he has inherited form his mother. (Gribben 96) One of the novels epiphanies is Lees translation of timshel to thou mayest. This translation puts choice into mans destiny. According to this view, we are not condemned; we have a choice between good and evil. It is a very liberating concept as Lee and Samuel discover. Lees translation of timshel as thou mayest, gives people hope that everyone is not corrupted because they are descended from Adam and Eve. Timshel explains that everyone has a choice to be either good or evil. There are many lengthy descriptions of the land which describe nature, created by God, in its harshness and its beauty. Especially in Salinas Valley is the whim of God/Fate seen when the fruitful and prosperous seasons turn into desolate periods in which the water dries up, vegetation dies, and animals starve. Then there is Samuel Hamiltons wife Liza, who has a dour Presbyterian mind and a code of morals that beat the brains out of nearly everything pleasant do to (St einbeck 11). She strongly believes in God and reads the Bible every night, her belief in God and Heaven so unyielding that she thinks everything she does in life is just a stage on the way to Heaven (384). Through references to religion, Steinbeck draws similarities between Cain and Abel and his own characters, puts a powerful impact in the final scene with the word timshel, and stresses the power of God/Fate over the existence of everyone. .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32 , .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32 .postImageUrl , .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32 , .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32:hover , .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32:visited , .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32:active { border:0!important; } .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32:active , .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32 .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uff9b3c9ca750c9573441907e5c117f32:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Kiss the sky Essay

Marketing Management of Strategic

Question: What is the Marketing management of Strategic ? Answer : Introduction: Marketing strategy is one of the most effective parts of business plans and policies. In order to achieve organizational success the business experts have to keep a continuous update about the needs and demands of the customers. This particular study has provided an in-depth understanding, on how a particular business organization should focus on managing marketing strategy for drawing the attention of the customers. As per the business plans and policies, maintaining product and service quality is not the only vision of an organization. In order to draw the attention of customers from different geographical market, the marketing managers have to implement numerous strategies and policies to survive with current market demand. This particular study has focused to highlight the current market strategy and policy of PT. Feradime Group for expanding their entire business process beyond going the regional boundary of Indonesia. Back ground of Company: Feradime Group is a flourishing engineering consultant company established their business process in Indonesia. Initially, the primary aim of PT. Feradime Group was to provide effective consulting service process to oil and gas sector. It has been observed that in last few years oil and gas sectors has been facing a disastrous consequence due to the rapid declination of oil prices (Azma and Mostafapour 2012). As a result, the company like PT. Feradime Group has faced major difficulties to maintain market demand. In order to overcome this kind of situation, the organization has decided to change their business genre to Smartphone application development. In the year 2015, the business experts have launched a new product by developing the software for mobile application. With the help of innovative service process, this particular organization has already created a demand in the current market of Indonesia. In May 2016, PT. Feradime Group has received an award for a project. This parti cular company being a start-up business is possessed with 11 staff members overall. Development of software for mobile application such as Apply Pie, Mobile Roadie, Bizness App, Shoutem, Como, OutSstem, MagPlus Design are the core product of PT. Feradime Group. The service providers of this organization are flexible enough to deal with any kind of customers belonging to different cultural and religious background (Baldwin, Cave and Lodge 2012). Due to the limited employees at the workplace, the business experts have to face difficulties for maintaining balance between supply and demand. Being the new business process PT. Feradime Group needs to focus on effective promotional activities based on which the products and services can be reached to the door of customers. Objective: The primary aim of this particular study is to evaluate the importance of strategic marketing management for business expansion. The objectives of this study are as follows: To critically understand the impact of implementing new marketing strategy for business progress To highlight the benefit of conducting market analysis before forming the business strategy and policy To provide some major recommendations on how the marketing strategies can be developed for enhancing the revenue growth of the company Conduct Analysis: Indonesia as per the current situation is out an out under-developed country in comparison to its population (Benitez-Amado and Walczuch 2012). Therefore, before making market strategy and policy every business organization has to conduct an effective market analysis. PT. Feradime Group after changing their business sector has decided to conduct an effective market analysis to evaluate the current trend of Indonesia market. PESTEL Before forming the market strategy and policy, the organization such as PT. Feradime Group likes to make an effective external or macro analysis in order to know the political, economic, social, technical, environmental and legal factors. PESTEL ANALYSIS Political The political environment of Indonesia is suitable to maintain the business process of an organization. PT. Feradime Group after launching new products in the market is not affected by the political movements and tax policies of the organization Economic The current economic status of Indonesia is low As a result, PT. Feradime Group while drawing customers attention would have to focus on implementing low cost strategies to survive in the market (Bertay, Demirg-Kunt and Huizinga 2013) Social Indonesia is possessed with the people of various cultures and backgrounds Therefore, before designing a product the business experts may focus on dealing with the diversified products and services for being unbiased towards any particular cultures and religions Technical Indonesia being an under-developed country is not very advanced in technological progress Therefore, before developing new software for mobile applications the organization should make systematic promotional activities to create awareness on the products and services of PT. Feradime Group (Cadez and Guilding 2012). Environmental Indonesia is constituted with 17508 islands having tropical climate. this particular climate is not very much suitable for launching numerous mobile applications As a result, before launching this kind of products in the market of Indonesia, this particular organization like PT. Feradime Group should focus on market promotions and services. Legal Before running a business process properly, the organization has to maintain some major acts and regulations properly. The regulations include the implementation of national employment law, international trade regulations and restrictions, monopolies and mergers rule and so on (Dixit and Skeath 2015). Table 1: PESTEL Analysis of PT. Feradime Group (Source: Economides and Tg 2012) Competitors advantage: While running business organization, the company like PT. Feradime Group should always focus on rendering profit more than of its current competitors. PT. Feradime Group before making effective strategies and policies for becoming a threat for the competitors, tend to focus on conducting market survey (Gast and Zanini 2012). This market survey helps the business experts to gain an in-depth knowledge and experience regarding the strategies and policies of other competitors of PT. Feradime Group. After conducting market survey, the business experts have analyzed some major drawbacks within their business process that has become a big advantage for the competitors (Ghemawat 2013). Feradime Group is primarily known as one of the most recognizable engineering consultant. After the declination of oil price, the business experts have decided to switch over the industry to IT. Therefore, the company has faced innumerable challenges to establish their business among several IT companies in Indonesia. At the same time, it is undeniable that the employees of PT. Feradime Group are not efficient enough to act as an eminent software developer (Grant 2016). Therefore, the employees are unable to provide effective service process to fulfill customers needs and demands sometimes. Feradime Group established their wings in the IT industry currently. Therefore, the marketing managers had to face innumerable difficulties to gain customers trust and expectation (Henisz and Zelner 2012). Due to the limited budget in promotional activities the marketing executives failed to maintain proper promotional activities in various geographical markets. As a result, the customers are deprived to get detailed overview about the products and service procedure of PT. Feradime Group. Therefore, financial strength is one of the most significant factors to flourish entire business process in the market of Indonesia. Product diversity is another aspect that enables the customers to be attracted towards business organization. Feradime Group was primarily familiar for engineering consultant (Hilmersson 2014). Therefore, in this specific sector this particular organization can be considered as start-up. Therefore, PT. Feradime Group failed to maintain product diversity within their organization. This particular factor has become an advantage for the competitors. SWOT Before forming strategic plans and policies for the organization like PT. Feradime Group, the business experts have to conduct an effective internal analysis for evaluating the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of the company. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Sufficient number of workforce is one of the major strengths for the organization like PT. Feradime Group Indonesia is possessed with limited number of IT companies. As a result, the organization does not have to face huge market threat from competitors. Weaknesses PT. Feradime Group was popularly famous as engineering consult company. Therefore, the business experts failed to gain trust of customers by providing products and services (Hollensen 2015). After the declination of oil price, the economic strength of PT. Feradime Group has been reduced widely. As a result, the organization failed to make a better plan for providing quality services as well as maintaining product diversity. Opportunities PT. Feradime Group is endowed with the scope to enhance the rate of sales growth in the market of Indonesia The marketing managers can provide sufficient money for maintaining effective promotional activities Threats Competitors market strategy has become significant threat for the organization like PT. Feradime Group The other contemporary organizations prevailing in the IT tend to afford sufficient budget for business promotion (Hyde 2015). Therefore, customers tend to show their indifferent attitude in purchasing the products as well as service process of PT. Feradime Group. Table 2: SWOT Analysis of PT. Feradime Group (Source: Kim et al. 2012) Market analysis: Kim and Mauborgne (2014) opined that maintaining superior quality of products and service process should not be the sole purpose of a particular organization. The business experts for achieving business success have to focus on major significant aspects of market. Target market, market segmentation, brand positioning are the primary steps with the help of which customers can be segregated as per market. This particular part has provided an in-depth analysis on the overall impact of target market in business success. PT. Feradime Group market analysis helps the customers to get detailed overview about the reliability of products and services of this organization. Segmentation: Feradime Group has decided to conduct the market survey as per STP analysis. STP can be considered as one of the most fruitful market strategies with the help of which the organization can segregate the entire target group of people. The product designs and the diversification of services are highly dependent on target market (McCain 2014). Therefore, STP analysis is the major tools that enable the business experts for getting an in-depth overview regarding customers expectations and their demands towards products as well as services. In this specific part, detailed overview of STP analysis has been presented. PT. Feradime Group has decided to segregate the entire target market as per geographic, demographic and psychographic segmentation. Demographic At the same time, people from other locations of Indonesia are targeted for purchasing the products and services of PT. Feradime Group. This particular organization being software-developing company for mobile application has focused to target the young age group of people especially having average level of income (Morgan, Katsikeas and Vorhies 2012). People from the age group of 20 to 40 can afford the products and services of PT. Feradime Group. On the other hand, the production managers have decided to design the products in such a way that people from different cultural and religious backgrounds can show their interest for purchasing the products and services of this organization. Indonesia being an under developed country is possessed with the inhabitants who are having average level of income status (Piercy 2014). Young generation in average income status is the core target group for PT. Feradime Group. Geographic Geographic market segmentation enables the market executives to select the customers from the location of Batam in Indonesia. The marketing managers while setting the niche strategy and policy has focused on implementing low cost strategy regarding products and services. Therefore, in order to draw the attention of those particular customers, the marketing executives had to focus on implementing low cost strategy for targeting the people of Batam. On the other hand, the marketing executives have currently concentrated to expand their business different localities of Indonesia apart from Batam. Behavioral Feradime Group has transformed their industry from an engineering consultancy to Smartphone software developing company. PT. Feradime Group being a start-up business process likes to design those kinds of products that enable the customers from all behavioral backgrounds and attitudes to purchase the products and services of this organization. As a result the marketing managers are successful to enhance the number of target customers. Psychographic As per the psychographic market segmentation organizations have to maintain a business ethics, values, cultures and beliefs while dealing with the people from different cultural attitudes. PT. Feradime Group is the software developing company that builds applications for Smartphone users. Therefore, while developing the products the production managers have focused to draw the attention of customers belonging to different level of cultural attitudes and religious backgrounds. As a result, the marketing managers have enhanced the number of target customers. Target market Target market is one of the most effective business strategies and policies with the help of which business organization like PT. Feradime Group tends to sell their products and services by focusing on that particular group of people. In this specific study, the business organization has decided to focus on Batam as the target area (Ledenyov and Ledenyov 2012). After having switched over the industry from engineering consultancy to Smartphone software developing the marketing managers has changed their target group as well. Young group of people who like to use Smartphone are the primary target group of PT. Feradime Group. People from different age group who are accustomed with using Smartphone will be targeted. Along with Batam, the business experts have decided to expand their entire wings in various geographical corners beyond going the regional market of Batam. Effectiveness of target market The effectiveness of target market is endowed with a major significance. Target market evaluation is highly important before making business strategy and policy for a business organization like PT. Feradime Group. Based on the particular target group of people, the marketing managers tend to focus on promotion. The business scripts are prepared as per the target group (Malhotra Birks and Wills 2013). The marketing managers tend to focus on using media vehicles and other promotional tools as per the psychological and cultural background of target market. The software that PT. Feradime Group has developed for their target group has been designed in such a way that those customers cannot show their reluctance for using products and services of this specific organization. At the same time, the service procedure is also decided based on the expectation of target customers. Positioning: Ritala (2012) stated that brand position is one of the most remarkable factors, based on which the reliability of products and services can be reached to the customers. Along with providing good services, the business experts have to think on how the brand should be positioned to drag the customers attention. However, PT. Feradime Group while positioning their new products in the market has decided to use some of the popular tools of media (Ronda?Pupo and Guerras?Martin 2012). As a result, people from numerous locations get to know about the new initiatives of PT. Feradime Group. The marketing managers of PT. Feradime Group have decided to use both offline and online media for positioning their brand in market. Indonesia being a developing country is not advanced in technology. Therefore, the business managers have avoided using the tools of digital marketing for positioning the brand of PT. Feradime Group. The use of print media, banners, hoardings, signboards is used as an effective offline media vehicle. These specific tools are very much successful for drawing the attention of regional customers. On the other hand, electronic media such as radio and television has been chosen as one of the most effective mediums of brand position (Rothaermel 2015). Electronic media is successful enough to multiply the messages. As a result, people from different corners can receive the messages. Therefore, the brand position strategy of PT. Feradime Group would be primarily effective for target customers only when they would be able to receive a clear message and overview regarding the reliability and ingredients of products and services. Market mix strategy Market mix strategy is primarily applied for maintaining a systematic promotional activity. Market promotion is desperately needed to render proper reorganization of a particular brand (Scholes,et al. 2014). PT. Feradime Group was primarily famous in the industry of engineering consultant. After changing the business sector, the business experts had to face immense challenges in regaining the trust of people. However, in order to promote the new brand of PT. Feradime Group, the marketing managers have decided to implement four Ps of marketing mix strategy primarily. Product: Software for mobile application is the core product that PT. Feradime Group has launched after switching over their business sectors. After the emergence of Smartphone, the service users have become very much dependent on mobile applications. By using numerous mobile applications, the service users tend to communicate with the people of different multinational countries (Shih, Chen and Chen 2013). At the same time, the use of mobile application has reduced the burden of carrying laptops and personal computer. However, with the current scenario, the emergence of Smartphone users has become large in number. Therefore, after facing a disastrous consequence in the market of oil and gas sector, this particular product may render an innovation within the entire business process (Sui and Baum 2014). Therefore, the business experts have selected developing software for mobile application as the primary product based on which the Smartphone users would get necessary benefits and facilities. A t the same time, the service providers of PT. Feradime Group are flexible enough to give equal priority to the customers of different attitudes. Pricing: As already mention, Indonesia is out an out under developed country. People having average level of income status are the primary inhabitants of Indonesia. Selected number of multinational corporations is situated in the heart of Indonesia. Therefore, people over here get least opportunity to enhance their income level (Thompson et al. 2013). On the other hand, PT. Feradime Group has started their business IT sector. Therefore, any kind of brand value strategy may have a negative impact on the customers impression. However, the business experts have decided to implement low cost strategy in order to enhance the range of target customers. Wei, Samiee and Lee (2014) opined that the implementation of low cost strategy sometimes fail to draw the attention of premium customers. Premium customers tend to pay the attention for purchasing a particular product based on brand value. Therefore, low pricing cost has a negative impact on the mind of premium customers. However, in case of PT. Feradime Group, most of the target customers belong to average income status. In this kind of situation, brand value strategy would not be suitable for this particular organization. The marketing managers by maintaining a collective decision making process have decided to focus on following low pricing cost strategy for drawing customers attention. Place: Business organization should be established in such places where the customers can easily avail for purchasing products. Batam is one of the most recognizable places situated in Indonesia. Therefore, customers from different regional market would be able to avail the service facilities of PT. Feradime Group. At the same time, it is undeniable that this particular organization is possessed with one specific destination. The branches of PT. Feradime Group are not available at any place of Indonesia. Therefore, the products are only achievable for regional customers. People who belong to different geographical market fail to use the products and services of PT. Feradime Group. As per the opinion of Wilson and Post (2013), place is having a major significance for creating a brand identity and image. While promoting the concept of products and services in the mind of customers, the business organizations have to provide an in-depth overview about their destinations and establishment of business process. If the customers are impressed at the product concept, they intend to use products as well as services. Therefore, the company such as PT. Feradime Group should be situated in such areas where people do not have to struggle to find out the location. Promotion Promotion is one of the most important tools of marketing mix without which the products cannot be reached to customers doorstep. In order to promote the products in different boundaries of market, the business managers have to use some most effective promotional tools. Direct marketing, sales promotion, personal selling are the primary tools with the help of which the service providers can communicate with customers (Wu et al. 2013). The business managers of PT. Feradime Group have decided to use direct marketing tools as the best way of promoting business. This particular organization after introducing a new product in the current market needs to make a face-to-face communication with the customers for collecting a direct feedback. Direct marketing process is one of the most effective promotional tools with the help of which the service providers and the service users get the scope to communicate directly. As a result, the service providers can directly convince the customers on how their products are different from other contemporary brands. On the other hand, customers get the scope to provide their immediate feedback regarding business strategy and policy to the service providers. As a result, the entire communication between the sales executives and customers becomes clear and immediate. The impact of media vehicle in communicating with the customers is highly important. Media vehicle helps the business communicators to interact with the target customers by multiplying their business concept in various geographical areas. However, communication leaves a major impact in brand promotion. The impacts of communication and media vehicles are as follows: Acts as a bridge: Media vehicle acts as a bridge between the customer and the organization. Media is the promotional tool with the help of which customers can gain an in-depth overview regarding the products and service process of organization like PT. Feradime Group. Therefore, the business representatives in order to communicate with the target group uses media as the most effective vehicles. Conveys the message more quickly to the doorstep of customers: In order to convey the message of launching new products media acts as a major tools that makes the way of communication easier. Customers do not have to struggle for gaining knowledge regarding product and services. In addition, media communication renders the business representatives closer to the customers (Wu et al. 2013). PT. Feradime Group therefore decides to use both print and electronic media to reach both regional as well as outside market. At the same time, it is undeniable that the range of electronic media is higher than print media. Electronic media communication can easily convey the product messages to the customers minds and doors. Launch the product in global market: In order to place the product in global market media communication is the only way, based on which customers from various geographical boundaries can be aware of product as well as service facilities. In order to achieve the recognition of global market PT. Feradime Group should use the popularity of television for multiplying messages in various geographical markets. At the same time, after receiving appreciation from the customers of multinational countries, the brand gets the new stature of international product (Wei, Samiee and Lee 2014). PT. Feradime Group business experts are trying to reach their new brand in the international market. Recommendation: After evaluating the entire market strategy and policy of PT. Feradime Group, some of the major recommendations can be provided: While making the promotional strategy the marketing managers should fix a proper promotional budget. The business experts of Feradime Group have not concentrated in making a systematic promotional budget. Based on that budget the business managers could use the media vehicles The marketing managers of PT. Feradime Group have focused on four Ps of marketing mix strategy while preparing the project. In order to make the promotional plans and policies business organizations would focus on 7Ps of marketing mix strategies primarily. As a result, the business managers would be able to concentrate on people, process and physical evidence as well for evaluating the promotional strategy Feradime Group has primarily focused to make the market strategy based on Batam. The business organization does not concentrate to expand their business process in various geographical areas. As a result, the overall business process is very much restricted within particular geographic area. Conclusion: The entire study provides in-depth analysis regarding the market evaluation strategy of PT. Feradime Group. This particular organization was initially famous for engineering consultant. After changing the business sector due to sudden declination of oil price, PT. Feradime Group has decided to use some of the major policies of promotional activities for drawing the attention of customers. The implementation of STP analysis and marketing mix strategy is highly effective for drawing the attention of customers. Based on the marketing strategies and policies some of the relevant recommendations have also been provided. Reference List: Azma, F. and Mostafapour, M.A., 2012. Business intelligence as a key strategy for development organizations.Procedia Technology,1, pp.102-106. Baldwin, R., Cave, M. and Lodge, M., 2012.Understanding regulation: theory, strategy, and practice. Oxford University Press on Demand. Benitez-Amado, J. and Walczuch, R.M., 2012. Information technology, the organizational capability of proactive corporate environmental strategy and firm performance: a resource-based analysis.European Journal of Information Systems,21(6), pp.664-679. Bertay, A.C., Demirg-Kunt, A. and Huizinga, H., 2013. Do we need big banks? Evidence on performance, strategy and market discipline.Journal of Financial Intermediation,22(4), pp.532-558. Bohari, A.M., Cheng, W.H. and Fuad, N., 2013. An analysis on the competitiveness of halal food industry in Malaysia: an approach of SWOT and ICT strategy.Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space,9(1), pp.1-11. Cadez, S. and Guilding, C., 2012. Strategy, strategic management accounting and performance: a configurational analysis.Industrial Management Data Systems,112(3), pp.484-501. Dixit, A.K. and Skeath, S., 2015.Games of Strategy: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Economides, N. and Tg, J., 2012. 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Kim, K.H., Jeon, B.J., Jung, H.S., Lu, W. and Jones, J., 2012. Effective employment brand equity through sustainable competitive advantage, marketing strategy, and corporate image.Journal of Business Research,65(11), pp.1612-1617. Kim, W.C. and e Mauborgne, R., 2014.Blue ocean strategy, expanded edition: How to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant. Harvard business review Press. Ledenyov, D.O. and Ledenyov, V.O., 2012. On the new central bank strategy toward monetary and financial instabilities management in finances: econophysical analysis of nonlinear dynamical financial systems.arXiv preprint arXiv:1211.1897. Malhotra, N.K., Birks, D.F. and Wills, P., 2013.Essentials of marketing research. Pearson. McCain, R.A., 2014.Game theory: A nontechnical introduction to the analysis of strategy. World Scientific Publishing Co Inc. Morgan, N.A., Katsikeas, C.S. and Vorhies, D.W., 2012. 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English Proficiency in the Philippines Essay Example

English Proficiency in the Philippines Essay Introduction Because English is so widely spoken, it has often been referred to as a world language, the lingua franca of the modern era, and while it is not an official language in most countries, it is currently the language most often taught as a foreign language. The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from England and their language was called Englisc from which the words England and English are derived. Approximately 375 million people speak English as their first language. English today is probably the third largest language by number of native speakers, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish. However, when combining native and non-native speakers it is probably the most commonly spoken language in the world, though possibly second to a combination of the Chinese languages (depending on whether or not distinctions in the latter are classified as languages or dialects). Countries such as the Philippines, Jamaica and Nigeria also have millions of native speakers of dialect continua ranging from an English-based creole to a more standard version of English. The Philippine-American connection has undergone considerable changes since then. We will write a custom essay sample on English Proficiency in the Philippines specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on English Proficiency in the Philippines specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on English Proficiency in the Philippines specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Today, English the means the Americans used to teach us via the mass media, the arts, social, business and political interaction continues to be a strong thread that binds the two nations. The Spanish language, meanwhile, has been relegated to a college elective and to private gatherings of wealthy clans of Spanish descent. Why has English become so easy to learn and so easy to use in the Philippines? A major reason is that the Americans were once our colonizers and continue to influence our everyday lives in many ways. Another reason is that for most Filipinos, English is not seen as a foreign language. In a country of 60 million people who speak no less than 8 languages, English is a second language. In some areas, English is more popular than our official national language. For a select few, it is even a first language. It is not unusual to see Filipino children responding to and speaking English words long before they learn these in school According to Philippine statistics data released on March 18, 2005-six out of ten persons aged 5 years and over can speak English. Among household population 5 years old and over, 63. 71 percent of them can speak English. NCR (81. 75 percent) was the highest across regions followed by Ilocos Region (73. 75 percent), CAR (70. 99 percent), and Central Luzon (70. 12 percent). The lowest was ARMM (29. 44 percent). On the other hand, there was a relatively higher proportion among females (7. 39 percent) than males (5. 61 percent) with academic degree holder who can speak English. Body Usually, by the time the child enters elementary school, he or she has built a vocabulary of English that includes body parts, names of animals and objects, action verbs, simple adjectives (dirty, good, bad), polite expressions (please, thank you, Im sorry), nursery rhymes, and simple questions (Whats your name? How old are you? ) For most middle and upper class Filipino children, English begins at home with adults who use English or through snatches of English words and phrases heard over the radio and on TV. To the Filipino child or, at least, one who has grown up in a home where English is often heard and spoken, English is not an alien tongue. Filipino children may not understand the nuances of the English language, but its there and its theirs to manipulate. English is familiar and, better yet, user-friendly. Anybody can use it and once you get the hang of it, theres really nothing to it. The fact that the Philippine education system has been using English as a medium of instruction from elementary to university level for decades has also reinforced the notion that English is easy even a child can do it and available. It is a tool for learning and a medium of communication. More than this, English is the language of power and progress. In the Philippines, it is highly valued not only because it is functional and practical and washes over us constantly, but more importantly, because it is an affordable item, a skill that can be used to increase ones position, respectability and marketability. In most cases, the better ones ability to understand and use English, the better ones chances of career advancement. This is true for both extremes of the socio-economic ladder. English is as important to the Harvard-educated Filipino working in Manilas cosmopolitan business district as it is to the overseas contract worker working as a domestic helper in Saudi Arabia. In fact, now, more than ever, English is important to the Filipino masses seeking employment abroad. The Filipinos skill and cheap labor are in demand, yes, but so is their command and comprehension of English which makes it easy for foreign employers to tell them what to do. English, after all, is a global language and, luckily some say unluckily Filipinos managed to unravel this code quite early and easily. In recent years, serious questions have been asked about the appropriateness of English as a medium of communication for a people searching for a clear-cut identity. Filipinos are not Americans, our nationalists cried. Why then do we continue to dream their dreams and speak their language? Much as our purists and nationalists wanted to erase all traces of American colonial influence, they knew that the language, rather than the dreams, was less difficult to delete. Or so, they thought. Like the US military bases in the Philippines, English had become a symbol of the subtle but strong dominance of America. It took a strong-willed Philippine Senate and the eruption of Mount Pinatubo to figuratively and literally bury the US bases in ashes. Obliterating English is another matter. Despite presidential orders to require government offices to communicate in our national language, and requiring all schools to use it as a medium of instruction, the campaign to Filipinize our information and communication highways and networks has not met with much enthusiasm or success. Although most Filipinos understand and are literate in the national anguage, it is not their mother tongue. Many of us have little use for it except when travelling to other areas in the country, watching local movies made in Manila, reading comics and tabloids published in Manila, watching local TV programs produced in Manila, and listening to the pronouncements of national officials, most of whom come from the capital region. Filipino, our national language, is 95% Tagalog, a dialect (or language, some scholars insist) spoke n by those who live in Manila and its outlying areas. The rest of the country speak their own dialects or languages and many see the use-Filipino campaign as nothing more than another form of domination by those who reside in the seat of economic and political power. Meanwhile, the education system, long used to English textbooks and instruction, had to scramble for Filipino books and qualified teachers who could speak Filipino. Unfortunately, the government failed to consider the difficulties and the huge amount of money needed in transforming centers of learning from English to Filipino. In a setting where education is one of the lowest budget priorities, where teachers are among the lowest paid professionals, and where the systematic translation of English to Filipino has never been given serious thought or considered important, the shift from English to Filipino ended in confusion and frustration. Perhaps, the best lesson we can learn from that experience is that language grows slowly. It cannot be transplanted and expected to blossom quickly by a mere presidential decree. The English language should be used correctly and proficiently. This does not only include pronouncing the words right but also using the grammar correctly either in speaking or writing. It is true that millions of us Filipinos use the English language, but the question is that are we all using it right? Here in Cagayan de Oro, it could not be denied that the level of education varies from every school. Thus, the degree of learning also differs. The phrase â€Å"nose bleed† has been a subject of ridicule in the city for those who are hesitant to respond in English when conversing. Call center companies have provided jobs for the local Kagayanons and this requires being well versed in the English language. Universities have also produced proficient graduates. But although these factors may seem relevant, it doesn’t conceal the fact that the level of English proficiency in the city is declining. And this is also true to other areas in the country. According to the Philippine Star the findings of a group, which was accredited to administer English proficiency tests that the skill of Filipinos on the language is deteriorating. Deputy presidential spokesperson Lorelei Fajardo was commenting on the report from the IDP Education Pty. Ltd. Philippines that showed the average score of Filipinos who took the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) last year was a poor 6. 69 where 7. 0 is the passing score. A made on how English is taught in schools, explained the poor scores in the IELTS. The level in English proficiency was also â€Å"obviously affected by the standards of resources available, especially the textbooks. † Filipinos are exposed to less and less English as programs in the local language now dominate television. The apparent deteriorating quality of teachers teaching English, error-riddled English textbooks and the decreasing English content in public primetime television were seen as the cause of the declining level of English proficiency in the Philippines. The government should address these causes if the country seeks to retain its image as foremost supplier of workers skilled in speaking the English language. A continuous decline in Filipinos’ English proficiency could affect the growth of the call center industry which is providing employment to hundreds of thousands of workers and the chances of Filipinos getting work in other countries. As many countries are demanding higher English scores (in the IELTS), Filipinos may not be able to meet the English requirement and this will have human and economic consequences for the country,† Conclusion There is still hope that the Kagayanons’ proficiency in English will still improve and that if not all at least the majority will come to realize its importance in all fields especially as they advanced in their careers. While other Asian countries are riding the Third Wave, the Filipinos are paddling in opposite directions because many of them are afraid the wave will engulf them and drown their sense of nationhood. While others keep trying to find ways to increase their English proficiency in the light of international relations, global cooperation and rapid developments in computers and telecommunications, we have been engaged in finding a voice we can truly call our own. One day, we may find that voice and speak in unison, but until then, I believe that English can do it for us, too. That is, if we stop thinking of it as a colonial instrument that broke our spirit, but as the code that helped us break through other worlds. Language, they say, is the key to understanding others. What many Filipinos miss is that English can also be used as a key to understanding ourselves. English, after all, does not belong to America. If we accept it with grace and use it with wisdom, it can belong to the rest of the world. Bibliography Avila, Darcas M. et al. Effective Writing. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, 2009. Barrameda, Rosalina O. et al. (Eds) Freshman College Composition. Ateneo De Manila University, 1992. Pacasio, Emy M. et al. Basic English for College. Quezon City, Philippines: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1999. Robles, Felicidad C. Developing English Proficiency in College, Book 2. Quezon City, Philippines: JMC Press, Inc. Vinuya, Remedios V. Santa C. Buri. College English Composition. Makati, Philippines: Grandwater Publications, 2001. The Philippine Star. May 2009

The Origins of British Columbia in Canada

The Origins of British Columbia in Canada The province of British Columbia, also known as BC, is one of the 10 provinces and three territories that make up Canada. The name, British Columbia, refers to the Columbia River, which flows from the Canadian Rockies into the American state of Washingon. Queen Victoria proclaimed British Columbia a British colony in 1858. British Columbia is on the west coast of Canada, sharing both a northern and southern border with the United States. To the south are Washington State, Idaho, and Montana, and Alaska is on its northern border. Origin of the Province Name British Columbia refers to the Columbia District, the British name for the territory drained by the Columbia River, in southeastern British Columbia, which was the namesake of the Columbia Department of the Hudsons Bay Company. Queen Victoria chose the name British Columbia to distinguish what was the British sector of the Columbia District from that of the United States or the American Columbia, which became the Oregon Territory on August 8, 1848, as a result of a treaty. The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, which gave rise to the city of Victoria. The capital of British Columbia remains Victoria. Victoria is the 15th largest metropolitan area of Canada. The largest city in British Columbia is Vancouver, which the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada and the largest in Western Canada. The Columbia River The Columbia River was so named by American sea captain Robert Gray for his ship the Columbia Rediviva, a privately owned ship, which he navigated through the river in May 1792 while trading fur pelts. He was the first non-indigenous person to navigate the river, and his voyage was eventually used as a basis for the United States claim on the Pacific Northwest. The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the U.S. state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The Chinook tribe who live near the lower Columbia River, call  the river Wimahl. The Sahaptin people who live near the middle of the river, near Washingon, called it Nch’i-Wna. And, the river is known as swahnetkqhu by the Sinixt people, who live in the rivers upper reaches in Canada. All three terms essentially mean the big river.

Support of Colorado House Bill 1175 - State Wide Smoking Ban Essay

Support of Colorado House Bill 1175 - State Wide Smoking Ban - Essay Example During the later years the chemicals in tobacco were being recognized by scientists, which made them realize the serious health effects that it can create. It was then in 1826, when the pure form of nicotine was fully discovered. Later the scientists concluded that nicotine is poisonous and began to warn people about the dangers of smoking tobacco. It was only during the 1900's that the manufacture and selling of cigarettes, which was a major tobacco product, began. (History of Tobacco) During World War I, the use of cigarette became so enormous that it was called as the "soldier's smoke". Then during World War II, cigarettes were provided to soldiers as a part of C-Rations like other food products. Later in the 1950's it was proved with evidence that smoking was a major cause for lung cancer. The Surgeon General's report on "Smoking and Health" in 1964, helped the government to regulate the market and sales of cigarettes. In the 1980's there were a number of lawsuits which were filed against the tobacco industries due to the hazardous effect that the product creates on people. But it is only in recent times that there are evidences revealing the fact that the tobacco industry is continuing to market and sell its product, knowing very well the harm that it causes to the public. It was also proved that the tobacco industry establishers knew that nicotine creates addiction and that they revealed this to millions of people knowingly to make them a prey to this addicti on. (History of Tobacco) Negative effects of second hand smoke Second-hand smoke - SHS, kills 53,000 non-smokers every year in U.S. and is found to be the third leading reason for preventable death in the country. This Second-hand smoke is alternatively known as passive smoke or environmental tobacco smoke - ETS. Research has revealed that each time a person breathes in second-hand smoke, he/she intakes over 100 harmful chemical agents like the carcinogens and toxins. This kind of SHS is the cause for death due to the following diseases: low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, heart diseases, stroke and negative results on the growth of cognition and behaviour, exacerbation of cystic fibrosis, lung as well as nasal sinus cancer, cervical cancer and also the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. (Second-Hand Smoke) The SHS also has a serious impact on children which causes bronchitis and pneumonia, asthma induction and exacerbation, constant respiratory indications, middle ear getting infected and also low birth weight. The other factors of the SHS is that it is a major source of the Particulate Matter - PM pollution, which is a factor for pulmonary diseases, asthma and other lung diseases like cancer. Generally 3 cigarettes on fire in a room emit 10-fold more PM pollution than an eco-diesel engine. When children inhale this SHS smoke during their childhood it causes neck pain, spinal pain and back pain in their later ages of life. This kind of Second hand smoke also damages the child's ability to learn, and it is neurotoxic at very low levels. Studies revealed that more than 21.9 million children are proved to be at a danger of getting reading disabilities due to this second hand smoke. A greater level of exposure to this smoke also causes an increased disorder in math and visuospatial reason ing. (Second-Hand